The popularity of MMOGs was mostly restricted to the computer game market until the sixth-generation consoles, with the launch of Phantasy Star Online on Dreamcast and the emergence and growth of online service Xbox Live. AI-controlled characters are not as common in action-based MMOGs. NPCs and mobs who give out quests or serve as opponents are typical in MMORPGs. The growth in technology meant that where Neverwinter Nights in 1991 had been limited to 50 simultaneous players (a number that grew to 500 by 1995), by 2000 a multitude of MMORPGs was each serving thousands of simultaneous players and led the way for games such as World of Warcraft and EVE Online.ĭespite the genre's focus on multiplayer gaming, AI-controlled characters are still common. The debuts of The Realm Online, Meridian 59 (the first 3D MMORPG), Castle Infinity (the first kid-focused MMORPG), Ultima Online, Underlight and EverQuest in the late 1990s popularized the MMORPG genre. MMOG emerged as a generic term to cover this growing class of games. Īs video game developers applied MMOG ideas to other computer and video game genres, new acronyms started to develop, such as MMORTS. The genre was pioneered by the GemStone series on GEnie, also created by Kesmai, and Neverwinter Nights, the first such game to include graphics, which debuted on AOL in 1991. Kesmai later added 3D graphics to the game, making it the first 3D MMO.Ĭommercial MMORPGs gained acceptance in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first graphical MMOG, and a major milestone in the creation of the genre, was the multiplayer flight combat simulation game Air Warrior by Kesmai on the GEnie online service, which first appeared in 1986. These games predate the commercial gaming industry and the Internet, but still featured persistent worlds and other elements of MMOGs still used today. The most popular type of MMOG, and the subgenre that pioneered the category, is the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), which descended from university mainframe computer MUD and adventure games such as Rogue and Dungeon on the PDP-10. Main article: History of massively multiplayer online games
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